Yesterday’s ITT stage saw Alberto Contador extinguish the hopes of everyone that wants to win this year’s Tour like a Virginia Slim on the sidewalk in front of the Stardust Beauty Salon. Alberto is on a roll this year, dominating in both the mountains and in the time trials, something the Tour hasn’t seen since the days of Contador’s teammate and best bro Lance Armstrong. Naturally an Armstrong-ian level performance piqued the curiosity of those who watch the Tour skeptically, among them Greg Lemond, who made the following remark in LeMonde (I have a better English translation that someone sent me than the Google translation that follows – what can I say, people send me things…):
Given the recent history in our sport we need to remain skeptical. This means we should doubt these extraodinary performances. The skeptic in me looks at this and says prove it to me Alberto. I want to know, what is your VO2 max? If we know Contadors VO2max we would know what to make of this result. The fastest climb in Tour de France history.
According to the calculations (calculations I won’t – or should I say, can’t – personally verify because I am too lazy and/or stupid to follow) that Lemond uses, he claims Alberto’s VO2 max would have to be near 99.5ml, a number that falls on the VO2 max scale somewhere between "best ever for a person" and "equine", so naturally there’s some skepticism. There could be some accounting for those numbers to be off or adjusted as the Verbier climb was a relatively short one (19 minutes), and there might have been a tailwind (although there are switchbacks all the way up the hill), but any way you crunch the numbers, you come to the same conclusion: Alberto did the fastest climb in Tour history on Verbier. And the second fastest in Tour history? Bjarne Riis on Hautacam in 1996, the year he won the Tour, and also the year where he might have been riding the Tour with blood sloshing around in his veins that had the consistency of chilled lime Jello. But don’t take my word for it, the sports scientists have dissected this information with a level of anal retentiveness that would make Andy Shen’s ears smoke.
Preview
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
Stage 6
Stage 7
Stage 8
Stage 9
Stage 10
Stage 11
Stage 12
Stage 13
Stage 14
Stage 15
Stage 16
Stage 17
Stage 18
Adding to the skepticism was Alberto’s stand-offish attitude in the post-stage press conference (from Velonews):
But asked to react to doubts expressed by former Tour de France winner Greg Lemond, present at the race Thursday, on his performances Contador refused to answer.
"I won’t answer this question," Contador said through his translator when asked to explain his impressive climbing performance to Verbier.
Last Sunday Contador attacked a small group of favorites containing teammate Lance Armstrong 5.6km from the summit of the 8.8km climb to the summit finish of Verbier to win the stage and take command of the yellow jersey.
Moments later the determined reporter repeated his question.
"Otra pregunta (next question)," said the 26-year-old Contador.
When asked to reveal his V02 max, his maximum capacity to transport and use oxygen while racing, the Spaniard was evasive.
""Otra pregunta," said Contador again.
I’m not sure how adept the Spanish are at press-conferencing, but "otra pregunta" is never going to be a very satisfying answer to a reporter’s question. But I think there is a silver lining to this cloud of Alberto suspicion. Now he and Lance can get together at breakfast today and bond over how much they would love for Greg Lemond to disappear.
And there’s even more drama following the ITT, Fabian Cancellara lost the stage by 3 seconds, and he is blaming motorcycles (from Velonews):
“(Contador) had two gendarmes motorcycle right in front of him,” Cancellara told VeloNews. “When I saw the time differences to Wiggins, I knew it was going to be close. When you watch, at the front, when you have two (motor) bikes, I don’t say it’s done. When I saw those motorbikes very close while watching on television, then I think, OK, then it’s over.”
Cancellara started 77th at 1:42 p.m. and set the early fast time 48:33, which stood until the very last rider on course – Contador – nipped by just three seconds.
Cancellara shook his head in disbelief as two French police motorcycles drove ahead of Contador through a sea of cheering fans. The big Swiss time trial specialist wasn’t making excuses, but he said the two bikes would provide an advantage that might have tipped the odds in Contador’s favor.
“For sure, I am disappointed. In the end, I said, OK, I will give everything, but to lose something by three seconds,” Cancellara said. “When you watch the race and see that, to lose by such a small margin, that’s why I have something to calm me down. “
To “calm” him down, Cancellara was sipping his first beer of the Tour. He wasn’t exactly drowning his sorrows – that will come in Paris – but at least it was helping to take the edge off of his disappointment.
I hope you’re happy French motorcycles – you’re driving Fabian to drink moderately!
And finally, there’s this tech related tidbit from CBCsports.ca:
"I went all out," said Contador, adding that his earpiece radio linking him with Astana team managers stopped working during the run, and that he was worried about Cancellara’s skill at time trials.
It seems that Alberto did his ride without the benefit of knowing the time splits or having the soothing voice of Johan Bruyneel saying "Try to not fall, watch out for that roundabout! Noonen! Noonen!"? Was this a malfunction? Was it operator error? Was he the victim of some sort of high-tech radio wave scrambler – and do they sell those at Radio Shack?
Stage 19
Today is a classic hilly transition Tour stage, which usually favors a breakaway of the guys who took yesterday’s ITT off. I’m hoping that Danny Pate set his alarm clock this morning, as this is a day that suits him very well.
98k to go, I tune in to the coverage, and there’s a big old break away, the move includes Cadel – which would normally be a cause for alarm, but since he’s 38 minutes down(!) this year, I think they’ll give him some wiggle room. And how sad it that? I almost feel sorry for poor Cadel, but I’ll just screw up that feeling by making fun of his yappy dog.
Today’s break also sees the reunion of Nicolas Roche and Daniele Bennati, who were in a break on a previous stage and then had a kerfuffle after Bennati’s remarks about Roche’s lack of work in the break. And when I say kerfuffle, I mean Roche trying to choke Bennati. Needless to say, I am delighted.
And in another development, Twitter says that Cadel is rumored to be going to Radio Shack, where his delicate sensibilities will no doubt be appreciated and celebrated.
They have a spot on the unwritten rules of the peloton, rule number one, never disturb Pozzato when he’s got his tanning reflector out.
74k to go, the break is hanging at 2:38, so their chances are 50/50 right now. BBox and FDJ are chasing as they have no one up there, robbing France of the opportunity to be disappointed by their performances in the break.
Alberto has been listening to a steady stream of squealing audio feedback and whale noises in his ear piece.
Here’s a Pate profile – can we all just agree that we want Pate to win a stage?
65k to go, Millar’s pushing the pace in the break to drop some barnacles.The group at the front shrinks like a combination of cool pool water and um, gentleman parts.
55k to go, we have a group of five up front now at 40 seconds, including Popo and Millar – Roche’s teammate Arrieta is up there – prompting Bennati to punch Roche in the kidney.
50k to go, the five at the front are working well together, with a gap of 2:47 to the pack and 1:47 gap to the Cadel Evans "weeping" group.
People have been wondering about the phallometric fall out of Lance announcing his new team sponsor as his teammate is winning the Tour; I suppose a win for Awareness is a loss for the phallometer. -2
Cadel is now back in the pack, each of his teammates passes by and smacks him in the back of the head, you know, to help push him along…
It’s 40k to go, and the break only has about 1 minute, it’s not looking good. Rabobank is chasing, as they have based their Tour successes on Menchov, and well…
It look like the break will be caught like cold sore at a concubine convention.
The break does get the sprint points though, relieving Thor SMASH from having to sprint and SMASH.
So now that the race is together, will Columbia go to the front and complain their way to the finish?
They talk to Thor’s SMASH manager, he says if things are together they will work for Thor SMASH. Let’s run his comments through the Thor SMASH schmalz translator: "Thor SMASH has the form to ride other of the racers into bits of small gristle, that will be later collected for the souvenirs."
34k to go, Duque is still holding off the pack at 19 seconds, does he think it’s Bastille Day?
VS runs a spot for Comic Con, which population has a higher ratio of virgins per 1,000 (VPM) – cyclists or comic book nerds? It has to be the comic book guys, right? Right?
In a desperate attempt at a tie-in, VS interviews Indy car racers about bike racing, well, I guess they’re both forms of racing, officially. Although the car people would have a better frame of reference if they actually pushed their cars around those ovals.
28k to go, the race is on the climb, the finish is on the other side of the hill. Let’s see if Thor SMASH can drop Cadel again.
Pellizotti Bawm Chicka Bawm Bawms his way off the back, perhaps saving himself for tomorrow or falling back for more product from the team car?
25k to go, Rabos still working, maybe Oscar is feeling well today?
Lefevre jumps off the front, maintaining Frenchness.
21k to go, they show a close-up of the kangaroo on Cadel’s yellow bike, Um, WHAT?? Did his teammates destroy every one of his other bikes? And how long did the Silence Lotto mechanic have to look around for that frame?
20k to go Ballan leaps off the side of the milk carton and up to Lefevre. They have a 18 second gap.
Paul says Menchov is setting tempo for Freire at the front. Cav is hanging in, watching to see if Thor SMASH attacks Cadel on the hill.
16k to go, Ballan and Lefevre crest the hill with 10 seconds and Sanchez attacks at the summit.
It looks like we have a mini San Remo on our hands now – Haussler just banged his handlebars and whimpered.
10 k to go, there’s some rain out on the course now, Menchov to hit the deck in 3…2…1…
Columbia at the front, looking for things to complain about.
8k to go, Ballan working hard, displaying preposterously white teeth.
Linus at the front, working for Ciolek’s 7th place.
It’s going to be close.
6k to go, does Thor SMASH have any SMASH left?
5k to go, Ballan’s teeth are transfixing!
3k to go, Columbia working for a field sprint, and to wipe that big, big grin off Ballan’s face.
2k to go, Ballan flicks his elbow at the remains of Lefevre. Inevitably, he has to take off alone.
Columbia is still reeling in Ballan.
Whooooah! Oscar bunny hops the roundabout, he loses position, but wins over my heart.
1k to go, Columbia chasing, catching Ballan, searching for things to be upset about.
Oscar moves up, but he might be too far back.
Cav has one guy left, he goes pretty early, Thor SMASH is right behind, he puts his chin on his tire to try and catch Cav’s draft.
Cav wins, Thor SMASHes to second, loses 5 green jersey points.
Oof, Wiggo lost 4 seconds to Lance behind the split today.
Where’d you all go?
Cav took it, boring stage really, I thought Evan and Sastre would of teamed up in the ex-contenders alliance? But nothing happened.
As someone said yesterday: “As for Berto, they are sure to poke him full of holes until something is found, or, until they bleed him to the point of anemia. Which will come first?”
Seriously…he’s been tested probably every day on the Tour (and leading up to it)…if there was something to find, don’t you think they would have found it?
Getting tired of hearing people complain about Contador. How many times does he have to prove himself?
hehehe, looking for things to complain about, love it…
You fail to understand the mindset of the haters. They’ve already decided that he’s doped, so there is no way to prove that he is truly negative.
They’re starting with the conclusion and looking for the evidence.
http://www.dbskeptic.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/the-scientific-method.jpg
Andy Schleck = Mr. Ed with a cute accent.
just as CERA was available for several years and not being tested for until last year, there’s something like that this year. don’t be naive. all the negative tests really mean is that they did not test positive for anything currently banned and being tested for – not that they are clean.
and fwiw, I love Contador. I mean that in the true, romantic, Abelard and Heloise sense of the word, so please do not call me a hater.
Duque is from Colombia, not France.
The Tour is running with the Bulls and Contador shoved a horn up el culo de Asstana.
Jens Voight had more chance of winning todays stage than Evans!
did LA attack his teammate Andreas Kloden at the end of today’s stage?
Does anyone know of any Ventoux stage watching venues (bars) in Brooklyn tomorrow afternoon?
I really do have a little chuckle at the newbie early post believing that being tested a lot means you must be clean. Honestly, its just quaint.
Aside from the testimony of fmr dopers like those that used the Clear and got away with it for years until a lab was litterally handed a sample to test, and aside from repeated testimony of scientists that show how the testing simply targets known compounds and drugs and basically cant catch others that arent known or being tested for, try also looking with your eyes at the frame of Conto and comparing it to big TT specialists and ask yourself how he suddenly found super powers over the last few seasons, which happened to also coincide with his riding for a certain team that has never been caught with any riders EVER. Oh, then count all the riders from that team and see how many were busted within a few years once riding for other teams. So, we KNOW that testing is limited and flawed against aggressive doping products. And we know that Lance and his buddies have never been caught. And we know that they all get caught once outside of the tent. Hmmm. Is it really just a bunch of hating and negative assumptions as premise, or is it just being eyes open about our lovely sport and calling a spade a spade?
Dont know why I even type this – same crap over and over. One of these days Im just not gonna read this stuff. Yeah, right.
Stop all the hating. El Pistolero just used his Wonder Twin Powers ring to become form of Super Cyclist. His partner sat on the sidelines and became shape of a water buffalo.
I hope he gets caught, if only for the fact that he is not smart enough to show some vulnerability to make it look more believable.
Not as bad as Landis (blowing up one day and cruising away from everyone the next), but he could’ve been more vulnerable.
Maybe his radio really did go on the fritz during the TT, because if he was smart, when he started hearing his own splits, he should’ve dialed back a little and given it to FabCan.
I liked seeing Friere hopping across the roundabout – oof! it’s grass! He lost 6 places easy. Points for style but it wasn’t too helpful for the sprint…
assumming he isn’t clean, but if he is clean, why should he give it to Fabian?
I agree. I’m not assuming anything either way. Only postulating on possible motivations.
Berto lovers, if he’s clean than so is Lance
Berto will be his own Pro Tour team next year. That’s right, just him.
thief 1 is a thief
but thief 2 is a bigger thief
so thief 1 is innocent according to his followers…
NO jackass He’s american and therefore the better of the evil’s to watch and follow to some of us … ya jackass…
oh I am sorry I forgot , no 2nd-4th grade insults allowed on this esteemed Nobel winning forum… my apologies…
last year he was being hailed as new era clean cyclist, now he cheats because he wins? The data that Lemond used is bad, there was an article somewhere that shows that AC, Andy Sleck and LA all beat any previous records if you do it his way. So if true, they all cheat and it doesn’t matter, the playing field is level.
Contador to Garmin: then he’s as clean cut as JV’s chops. Just sayin…..
nobody said the other top 5 were clean. Yes, maybe its a level field for those guys. Thats not the point, though its the only thing that makes this spectacle still worth watching – how much would it suck if just one guy cheated every year? But we know that isnt the case.
Twas the night before Ventoux when all through the crib, not a “curly bit” was stirring except in my bib.
The TIVO was set on the Plasma with care, in hopes that Stage 20 would soon be there.
The Cat 5’s were nestled all snug in their beds
while visions of pedals all danced in their heads.
The Ventoux lay naked in a deciduous pose, about to be humped by mAnorexics in tight clothes.
At 7:00 am I awoke with some porridge, while Sherwen told Liggett of “Suitcases with courage”
Inhaling my caffeine with Cavendish flash, I skipped all the commercials in search of a crash.
The moon’s heat on the Col. shimmered like flame, Columbia, Silence and Rabo’needing someone to blame.
When, what to my wondering eyes should appear a 62kg Spaniard and 8 other dudes in fear.
With his Humpty Hump dance, so live and so fast, Lemond was was freaking out at his VO2 max!
More rapid then eagles his competitors and “Teammates” tried, Alberto just laughed, danced and “Finger-banged” on the Verbier with pride.
Now Lancer, now Schlecks, Kloeden,”Bawwm chick a bawm bawm”, Wiggo and Sastre?
Cadel’s chances as good as Auge.
The hot Tarmac crouched as the Yellow bird flies he barely takes notice where Tom Simpson dies.
Up to the top the “Pinto Bean” hopped. To cycling’s “Roof”
prancing and pawing on each little hoof.
I strained my neck to view his VMI up close, “What’s that boy on?”, “It ain’t glucose!
He turned over the chain with the 28 teeth
His aura encircled his helmet, a wreath
He had a thin face with a hipster “Flavor Saver”
much like that of your douchebag-y, “fixie” ex-neighbor.
A wink of his eye and a twist of his head, looked back at the pretenders (already dead)
He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work.
Behind him is “Livestrong” who thinks he’s a jerk
And pointing his finger out in front of his nose
his Pistolero goes off bustin’ caps in those wheel hoes!
He sprang to the podium as the reporters all whistled they all jumped on him like Toto on gristle.
How is it possible? all the cynics decried thinking something definitely ain’t right.
With a chshire grin on his face bubbling with delight
Aberto exclaimed:
Fuck all of you haters
OTRA PREGUNTA!!!!!!!
and to all a good-night!
about ol’ Greg’s numbers too.
I’m hoping that he or whoever, took into account the weight of the rider. LA would definitely need to produce a lot more energy to drag his 170-ish lbs. up 1600 meters than either AC or Andy Schleck and their 145-ish lbs.
As we know, going up hill fast is all about power to weight ratio and gravity. And as we also know, gravity’s a bitch.
Hypothetically, AC could’ve produced LESS wattage than LA and still beaten him based on the weight difference alone.
So…. anybody else interested in talking about the bike race?
4:18 POST OF THE F’ING YEAR!!!!!!!!!!!!
What’s up with this dude? In the 80’s I liked him a lot, he killed it back then, now he just can’t shut up.
True, Contador seems like he is on another planet. Lance SEEMED like he was on another planet back when.
But watch Lemond on youtube, world championships whatever, he seems like he is on another planet in 89!
Just because he didn’t use EPO, what does that mean? How come no one asks him about blood transfusions etc.
He just keeps throwing out accusations.
screw the french, they can’t even make a car that holds up to a little crosswind (scroll to 2:16)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7S_QgE5MN8&feature=related
clearly has talent and perhaps should be considered as an alternate for next tour coverage???? just sayin!
Eric Faber for this year’s Nobel prize in poetry -and kickin’ butt.
Crazy Lemond is just tempting Bruyneel to leave the (fridge) door open a crack. If Lance moves to second on Ventoux, who knows whose room will be raided by the Gendarmerie Nationale. Careful what you wish for Greggie.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m904SQBfCBI
good god i just laughed out loud at that. too good. i could watch that for hours. while stoned.
Prediction: Armstrong in yellow after Conty and Andy are caught doping. Ah. The irony.
http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/imageBank/b/BALLAN%201.jpg
http://images.starpulse.com/Photos/pv/Jon%20Cryer-16.jpg
“Twas the night” was LOL funny shit!
“Cadel chances as good as Auge” ha!
Eric Faber: You rock my world. I just posted that poem on my facebook (with all credit to you, of course). You’re my hero.
Lemond’s current story about his retirement is very different from what he said at the time. I always admired the guy but the way he’s going after Contador is wacko. Changes in his retirement story, he never talks about the mitochondrial myopathy, make his attacks on doping suspect. Besides, everything except EPO was readily available when he rode and there was much less testing. Blood doping was even legal until 86 or 88.
From New york Times Dec 3,1994
“It’s time for me to get out because of physical problems,” he explained this week on the phone from his home in Minnesota. “It’s not just age that’s been responsible for my performances these last few years. It’s not that I wasn’t motivated or just did it for the money.
“I have a very big physical disability that does not allow me to compete at the world-class level. I have a physical condition that is not allowing me to race at the level I should.”
The condition, he continued, is called mitochondrial myopathy. “I can’t spell it,” he said with a laugh, “but I can say it’s basically dysfunctional mitochondria, which won’t help me produce energy. My energy- delivery system has been off whack. It’s a mild state that affects my performance at a high level but not my day-to-day living.”
meant to write VAM instead of VMI. Oops
http://53×12.com/do/show?page=indepth.view&id=104
Was fun to write.
Where’s stage 20 schmaltz? My day isn’t complete until I get to read it!
For overall standings go to: http://www.customcyclewear.com/2009cadencecupresults.htm
Cadence Cup Series
July 25, 2009
Brooklyn NY
Pro/1-2-3
94 starters
44 miles
1. Salvatore Scotto Divetta (GS Mengoni) 1:36:26
2. John Durso (Liberty Cycle)
3. Luis Aquino (Champion System)
4. Melito Herredia (Innovation Bike Shop)
5. Gilberth Gomez Valverde (Northeastern Hardware/CJCT)
6. Jermaine Burrowes (WS United)
7. Leonard Katz (Kissena)
8. Brian Girard (Stage 1 / fusionTHINK)
9. Amaury Perez (GS Mengoni)
10. Vladimir Estevez (Champion System)
KOM # 1 presented by Lucarelli & Castaldi Attorneys At Law
1. Luis Aquino (Champion System)
2. Vladimir Estevez (Champion System)
3. Jermaine Burrowes (WS United)
KOM # 2 presented by Lucarelli & Castaldi Attorneys At Law
1. Euris Rafael Vidal Paulino (Champion System)
2. Luis Aquino (Champion System)
3. James Butler (Unatt)
SPRINT # 1 presented by Cycles Gladiator Wine
1. Salvatore Scotto Divetta (GS Mengoni)
2. Ramphy Coloiue (Innovation Bike Shop)
3. Matt Inconiglios (Stage 1 / fusionTHINK)
SPRINT # 2 presented by Cycles Gladiator Wine
1. Jermaine Burrowes (WS United)
2. Bryan Borgia (Rahpa Racing)
3. Anthony Maisto (Deno’s Wonder Wheel)
Category 4
79 starters
31 miles
1. Radoslaw Smologa (Unatt) 1:12:10
2. Jose Rosario (Innovation Bike Shop)
3. Victor Lopez Polonia (Innovation Bike Shop)
4. Leszek Sniadowski (CRCA/Organic Athlete)
5. Matthew Montesano (Kissena)
6. Jamal Nichols (CRCA/Fondation)
7. Tim Hall (Unatt)
8. Mark Spottiswood (GBSC/Babylon Bike)
9. Desmond Griffith (Unatt)
10. Lawrence Uhrlass (EECT/Kreb Cycle)Â Â Â Â
KOM # 1 presented by Lucarelli & Castaldi Attorneys At Law
1. Alexander Barouh (Kissena)
2. Mikael Hanson (Colavita)
3. Michael O’Neil (Unatt)
KOM # 2 presented by Lucarelli & Castaldi Attorneys At Law
1. Lawrence Uhrlass (EECT/Kreb Cycle)Â Â
2. Victor Lopez Polonia (Innovation Bike Shop)
3. Alexander Barouh (Kissena)
SPRINT # 1 presented by Cycles Gladiator Wine
1. Karl Nelson (EECT/Kreb Cycle)Â Â
2. Jose Rosario (Innovation Bike Shop)
3. Jorge Orrego (Strictly Bicycles)
SPRINT # 2 presented by Cycles Gladiator Wine
1. Mikael Hanson (Colavita)
2. Alexander Barouh (Kissena)
3. Karl Nelson (EECT/Kreb Cycle)Â Â
Category 5
49 starters
17 miles
1. Scott Savory (Unatt) 0:44.14
2. David Gardiner (Kissena)
3. Christian Venegas (Unatt)
4. James Mahlman (Unatt)
5. Errol McLean (Unatt)
6. Ruben Osborne (Kissena)
7. Kenny Scaosar (Unatt)
8. Manuel Huerta (Chelsea Bicycles)
9. Kenrick Caerar (Unatt)
10. ??
Thanks to all the marshals, registration volunteers, pacers and officials!
Charlie Issendorf
Race Director
Kissena Cycling Club
Pfftt…ok it is impressive, this performance by Armstrong..but he is still not closing in on me in the all-time rankings.
http://www.cyclinghalloffame.com/riders/rankings/ranking_combined_overall.txt
not a fan of sal
Stephane Auge…91st.
In your face Faber!
Despite everything you’ve been reading on nyvelocity an UCI investigation into the retesting of Lance’s samples from 1999 refuted the Equipe reports of a positive test. You can read the full report. http://www.velonews.com/media/report1999.pdf
Abélard’s contributions as a teacher and logician are frequently overshadowed by his doomed love affair with Héloïse, whom he began to tutor at Paris sometime before 1119. She had been previously educated at the convent of Argenteuil and had developed a reputation for intelligence and beauty, and the two quickly began a passionate affair. At the insistence of her uncle, they married, but when Héloïse returned to Argenteuil, her uncle, believing she had been abandoned, had Abélard beaten and castrated. The assault prompted Héloïse to take vows as a nun, and in 1128 she became prioress of the Paraclete, the religious institution that Abélard had founded. The surviving correspondence between Abélard and Héloïse begins in 1132, after she had read his History of My Calamities. The first four letters of the collection, called the “personal letters,†discuss their love affair from all angles and reveal Héloïse as a passionate and highly intelligent woman as skilled in the art of rhetoric as here teacher. Within these letters, both lovers cite the BIBLE as often as they quote scholars like AUGUSTINE or Latin writers like OVID, and they logically analyze their beliefs on marriage, human and divine love, and spirituality. The “letters of direction,†which complete the collection, include deeply database hosting contemplation, outlines for a reformed religious order, and poems and prayers Abélard writes that the nuns may say on his behalf. Despite Abélard and Héloïse’s rhetorical sophistication and philosophical skills, later writers JEAN DE MEUN and Petrarch remembered them as doomed lovers similar to Anthony and Cleopatra of Julius CAESAR’s time or Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Yet Héloïse’s service as prioress made her widely beloved in her community, and Abélard has been called the first modern thinker, whose philosophy formed the basis of empiricism.